[Table of Contents]

Plasma and Fusion Research

Volume 6, 2106042 (2011)

Review Articles

Recent Progress on Microwave Imaging Technology and New Physics Results
Benjamin TOBIAS1,2), Neville C. LUHMANN, Jr.1), Calvin W. DOMIER1), Xiangyu KONG1), Tianran LIANG1), Shao CHE1), Raffi NAZIKIAN2), Luo CHEN3), Gunsu YUN4), Woochang LEE4), Hyeon K. PARK4), Ivo G.J. CLASSEN5), Jurrian E. BOOM5), Anthony J.H. DONNÉ5,6), Michael A. Van ZEELAND7), Réjean BOIVIN7), Yoshio NAGAYAMA8), Tomokazu YOSHINAGA8), Daisuke KUWAHARA9), Soichiro YAMAGUCHI10), Yuichiro KOGI11), Atsushi MASE12) and Tobin L. MUNSAT13)
1)
University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616
2)
Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ 08543
3)
University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
4)
POSTECH, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 790-784, Korea
5)
FOM-Institute for Plasma Physics Rijnhuizen, 3430 BE Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
6)
Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
7)
General Atomics, San Diego, CA 92121
8)
National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki, Gifu 509-5252, Japan
9)
Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
10)
Kansai University, Osaka, Japan
11)
Fukuoka Institute of Technology, Fukuoka 811-0295, Japan
12)
Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
13)
University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309
(Received 26 January 2011 / Accepted 17 February 2011 / Published 11 August 2011)

Abstract

Techniques for visualizing turbulent flow in nature and in the laboratory have evolved over half a millennium from Leonardo da Vinci's sketches of cascading waterfalls to the advanced imaging technologies which are now pervasive in our daily lives. Advancements in millimeter wave imaging have served to usher in a new era in plasma diagnostics, characterized by ever improving 2D, and even 3D, images of complex phenomena in tokamak and stellarator plasmas. Examples at the forefront of this revolution are electron cyclotron emission imaging (ECEI) and microwave imaging reflectometry (MIR). ECEI has proved to be a powerful tool as it has provided immediate physics results following successful diagnostic installations on TEXTOR, ASDEX-U, DIII-D, and KSTAR. Recent results from the MIR system on LHD are demonstrating that this technique has the potential for comparable impact in the diagnosis of electron density fluctuations. This has motivated a recent resurgence in MIR research and development, building on a prototype system demonstrated on TEXTOR, toward the realization of combined ECEI/MIR systems on DIII-D and KSTAR for simultaneous imaging of electron temperature and density fluctuations. The systems discussed raise the standard for fusion plasma diagnostics and present a powerful new capability for the validation of theoretical models and numerical simulations.

Keywords

plasma diagnostics, millimeter-wave imaging, electron cyclotron emission, reflectometry, electron temperature fluctuation, electron density fluctuation

DOI: 10.1585/pfr.6.2106042

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This paper may be cited as follows:

Benjamin TOBIAS, Neville C. LUHMANN, Jr., Calvin W. DOMIER, Xiangyu KONG, Tianran LIANG, Shao CHE, Raffi NAZIKIAN, Luo CHEN, Gunsu YUN, Woochang LEE, Hyeon K. PARK, Ivo G.J. CLASSEN, Jurrian E. BOOM, Anthony J.H. DONNÉ, Michael A. Van ZEELAND, Réjean BOIVIN, Yoshio NAGAYAMA, Tomokazu YOSHINAGA, Daisuke KUWAHARA, Soichiro YAMAGUCHI, Yuichiro KOGI, Atsushi MASE and Tobin L. MUNSAT, Plasma Fusion Res. 6, 2106042 (2011).